Galvanic battery.



$. BENKU.

GALVANIC BATTERY.

APPLICATION FILED 5111.19. 1909.

Patented July 12,1910.

7%WSA9 02 4. 37,

"--'The IlILVGlllVIOn relates also to themanu- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

STEPHAN BENKG, OF BUDAPEST, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, ASSIGNOR TO COMPANY LIM IlITED FOR EXPLOI'IATION 0F INVENT'IONS BY STEPHAN BENKO, OF BUDAPEST,

'AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

GALVANIC BATTERY.

To all whom it mayv concern:

Be it known that I, S'IEPIIAN BnNKt'), a subject of the King of Hungary, residing at Budapest, Austria-H11ngary, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in or the electrode, forces the electrolytic liquid from that side, through the pores'of the negative electrode (pos1tive pole electrode) .or, for'obtaining the same result, an excess of pressure is produced onone' side of the electrode, While on the-other side there is the ordinary atmospheric pressure, or even a partial vacuum. Finally, excess of pressure and depression or partial vacuum can be alternately produced on one side, so that the electrolytic liquid will be caused to fluctuate actively. When the liquid is forced through the pores of the carbon, by producing a vacuum on one'side, the element can be completely closed, but when excess of pressure 'isused, the element must be open or provision must be made for a sufficient discharge of the liquid pressed through.

' fact-ure of closed single cells, as well as to liquid-rich in oxygen or chlorin, or mixed or t-ion of the electrode.

the menu facture of. metal-contacts secured to the electrodes for transmittin the current. 7 D

An essential feature of theinvention is constituted by the use, for forcing throu h the-carbon, of an electrolyte eonsistlng of a saturated with a-depolarizing gas, for inin g through of this electrolytic liquid brings about an exceedingly ener eti c depolariza Thee ectrolytic liquid is -in a' continuous movement, the pores ofthe carbon are, therefore, beingv constantly washed so that no polarizing do osit can be formed. This action. is increase by the fact that-the element or cell does not possess any diaphragm or the-like, sothatnoresistanoe isiofiered to this-.flow of electrolytic fluid.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed January 19, 1909. Serial No. 473,047.

g of a carbon b0 Patented July 12, 1910.

obtained by this process, also reduces the inner resistance of the element.

Although the-forcing'through of the electrolyte by the increase of ressure on one side of'the carbon electrode is advantageous, the use of avacuum has still greater advantages. Thus the depolarizing gas passes into the elementin the manner hereinafter described, without anyspecial auxiliary force, and in a very finely divided state and can be simply drawn in at any porous point ofthe electrolyte supply pipe. The use of a. vacuumalso brings about a con tinuous boiling of the electrolytic liquid while wing to the continuous flow, thetemperature of the .heat developing-elements (cliromic acid elements) is reduced, (but this result is obtained also when pressure is used.)

Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawing show a construction of an element suitable for carrying out the process ac cording to this invention.- tical sectional elevation, and Fig. Q's-horizontal section on. line AB of Fig. Figs. 3, 4t and 5- show arrangementsfor introducing the depolarizing gas into the electrolyte. Fig. 3 is an; outside elevation of art of'the device, Fig. laie a vertical sectlona-l. elevation at'right angles to Fig. 3

9'0. Fig. 1 is a verand shows the COlXlPlGtQdGVlCB, and Fig. 5-.

of device, only apart being shown] The element which. in itself is not i claimed in the(ipresent application -consists y 1,-with' two systems of recesses 2 3 opening at opposite sides. These sides of. the claimant are closed by, means of caps 4 5, andinto-th'e recesses 2 clip zinc electrodes 6, while intothe' recesses 3 are introducedzine' electrodes- 7. To the upper cap is connected. a. vacuum pipe 8,-

, electrodes 35 said air will pass through the pipe 8 into s pt, m

while to the bottom cap is connected the suplily or pressure pipe ll; this arrangenu-nt ltrotn the zinc charge of the electrolyte, an action opposite to that desired will take place! There will he mainly prmltu-ed an increase of pressure whirh will result in an immediate polariza- 'tiolt, as the polarizing gases (hydrogen) branches ol'l' l'rom the carbon electrode 1. The outer lateral walls ol. the carbon body l are rendered air and liquid light by means of a coating 12, in such manner that only the longitudimtl strips 133 adjoining the botlUllt recesses 3 are lel't exposed, so that at mosphcric air or ctun nrs etl air can enter the recesses 23 only at. these points.- The elcctrol'yticliquid is supplied through the pipe 9 at t'ttnmsphcrle or a higher pressure. When a vacuum is produced by means of t the pipe 8 connected to the vacuum apparates, the electrolyte as well as the an are drawn by suction from the bottom system into the upper one, in such manner that the said electrolyte and air saturate the carbon partitions separating the tWo systems, the deposits settling in the pores of t'l1r walls being at the same time, washed away. The air in this construction will pass tlirough the exposed surface strips 13 in a linely divided state into the electrolyte introduced through the pipe 9 into the hottom systen't, without any further auxiliary means, and-on the atmospheric pressure gradually sinking it will pass together with the said electrolyte through the carbon partitions into the upper system whence the the vacuum tank arranged outstrle' the element or cell. )Vhen it is desirediiiif this element-to introduce electrolyte unde r pressure, the, depolarization suhs'tan'ce (oxidizing or chlorin) must be incorporated with the electrolyte previously in any do ired m'am'ter,, for instance, by pressing it into-the liquid. The electrolyte mixed with the depolarization substance, is forced in througlnthe ,pipe 9 and leaves the element either through a very, wide pipe 8 arranged at its upper portion, so that any polarizing produced can easily escape, or the -.rleti i, entcan be quite open at the top, the

5 liquid leax'ing the element through an over- "low pipe. This latter constnictton-is more I advantageous, asthe gases-can easily escape open element. Even when pre d, the pipe 8 can be out, 'only 111 order to facilitate the f the gases, this then alsorn'eeessary "oduceia f cutun infit. Whertpressjure sonsz- -when the element isclosed-antl no provision is made for sulllcientlv quick disabout the porous sorbclb thelelectrolyteate y will penetrate into the carbon.

As already stated, in the construction illto-lrated in Figs. 1 and 2, when operating with a rat-mun, air having a depolarizing :tt'lloll is drawn in through the openit'igs 12 i ol the porous carbon body without any further auxiliary means. .11 it is desired to add t'lllol'ltt to the electrolyte, the element an be arranged in an atmosphere of chlorin (l'or l|l lillllfU in a tank filled with ehlorin). l-ar carrying out; the process forming the abject of. this invention, it is not, however, ne e ary when using a vacuum, that the pt'ilariziug Slllihl'tlllCG (gas) should be introduced at the carbon body itself (at the exposed portions 13) thiscan be effected for instance by mixing the said depolarizing substance with the electrolyte beforehand, as already mentioi-ied for introduction under pressure, or arrangements such as shown in Figs. 3, 4 and'tfi could be used. Figs. 3 and 4.- show a construction in which a porous body 16 is inserted into the electrolyte pipe ll, for instance at a widened portion 15 of the same. This body (which for instance (an be made ol carbon) may be solid, or as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawing, may be n'ovided with a lmtgitudinal perforation. .lheelectrolyte is supplied from a tank 18 and llowslo the pole'1'7 diagrammatically iiu'l'i-rated. "lten a suction is produced at the pole, otflin certain cases (when the tank to is arranged at a sutlieiently high level) even without suction, the electrolyte exeres-ts an llIjCtJlOl'dlliU action and carries with ll the air in the direction of the arrows. The liquid in that construction Willbe impregnated with air. -lhe sameobf'ect can be attained with the construction stown in Fig. la that case the electrolyte pipeld is itself provided with a porous portion 19 through which the depolarizationsubstance is carried in the direction of the arrows from the atmosphere sth'rot1nding"-the pipe. When the electrolytic liquid is to be satirratlgd, for instancewithfchlorin gas, a casing 20 closed in an air-tight manner is arranged ortion of the pipe 14., and chlorin gas introlluced into the said casing through a branch 21. This arrangement 'cmild also be used for theconstrne onsshown; mJtigs. and the depqlam nglsuhstan e A i P01 of thee ectrolyte pipe or alien fllgl't 0ft -they condition out that the the electrolyte tank'aml the rec ws of the negative (carbon) electrode in whieh'recess,

its

as already stated, is placed t' to wind electrode.- 9

What I claim as my invention to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A method of operating galvanic elements which comprises passing the electrolyte, containing a depolarizing gas, through the pores of the n ":itive electrode, by or ating alternately a higher and a lower pressure on one side of the elect-rode.

2. A method of operating galvanic elements which comprises passing the electrolyte, containing a. depolarizing gas, through the pores of the negative electrode, by creating alternately an excess of pressure and a vacuum on'one side of the electrode.

3. A method of operating galvanic ele and desire ments which comprises passing the electrolyte throu h a porous tube surrounded by an tttlllOSi) mm of depolarizing gas, so that said depo arizing gas is drawn into the electrolyte, and imssing the electrolyte containing the depo arizing gas through the pores of the negative electrode.

In test-miony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

Witnesses .l OSEPII. Winn M.-\ N N, Brim (j-nl'iNwALn. 

